IMPACTOS DA MINERAÇÃO DE LÍTIO: ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA ENTRE VALE DO JEQUITINHONHA E YICHUN

Abstract

The growing global demand for lithium, driven by the energy transition, has intensified mining activities in numerous strategic regions worldwide. This study presents a comparative analysis of the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of lithium mining in the Lithium Triangle (Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile) and the Jequitinhonha Valley (Brazil). Using a qualitative methodology based on documentary analysis and systematic literature review, we examined the amplification of divergences among social actors regarding the impacts, benefits, and challenges of lithium extraction. The findings reveal significant challenges related to environmental degradation and social conflicts, particularly in traditional and indigenous communities. Institutional development in the Jequitinhonha Valley presents greater socioeconomic vulnerability, with disproportionate impacts on traditional communities, while the Lithium Triangle demonstrates a more developed industrial chain, yet with systemic problems of pollution, water scarcity, and social exclusion. The study concludes that there is an urgent need for specific frameworks incorporating environmental justice, community participation, and alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals.