Integrative analysis of the determinants of amputations in diabetic patients

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the main Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs), generally, diabetic patients are at high risk of micro and macrovascular complications, which when combined with the previously established disease constitutes one of the main causes of death and morbidity, such as amputation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to carry out an integrative review addressing the main risk factors that have the potential to lead to amputations in diabetic patients. Using the data platforms, with qualitative or quantitative primary research as inclusion criteria, published between 2012 and 2020, which highlighted risk factors that increased the incidence of amputations in patients with DM, after the research, 51 articles were selected. Through the analysis of the articles that are part of this integrative review, the risk factors that increase the incidence of amputations in diabetic patients were observed, such as diabetic foot ulcers, peripheral arterial disease, diabetic neuropathy, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases and smoking. It is concluded that there is a close relationship between the reported risk factors and diabetes mellitus, resulting in an increased incidence of amputations in patients with the disease in question, and it can be observed that the greater the number of comorbidities, the greater the chances of the patient develop complications.